9.6

Default

  • emstandard The default EM constructor is used in major part of reference Physics Lists (FTFP_BERT, FTF_BIC, QGSP_FTFP_BERT, QGSP_BIC, ...). In comparison with previous Geant4 versions the following models are default in 9.6:
    • G4UrbanMscModel95 for multiple scattering of e+ and e- below 100 MeV;
    • G4WentzelVIModel for multiple scattering of mu+ and mu- combined with G4eCoulombScatteringModel for large angle scattering;
    • G4WentzelVIModel for multiple scattering of pions, kaions, protons, and anti-protons without single scattering part which is simulated in hadron elastic scattering.

Option 1

Option 2

Option 3

  • emstandard_opt3 designed for any applications required higher accuracy of electrons, hadrons and ion tracking without magnetic field. It is used in extended electromagnetic examples and in the QGSP_BIC_EMY reference Physics List. The corresponding physics constructor includes following modifications:
    • G4UrbanMscModel96 for multiple scattering of e+, e-, hadrons, and ions at all energies;
    • the parameter RangeFactor for multiple scattering of e+, e- is set to 0.01 (the default 0.04);
    • the option "fUseDistanceToBoundary" for multiple scattering of electrons and positrons;
    • increased number of bins in physics tables - 220 (84 bins by default);
    • the parameter dRoverRange used in computation of step limit by the ionisation process is reduced with respect to the default value 0.2: 0.1 for alpha, He3, ions;
    • the parameter finalRange used in computation of step limit by the ionisation process is reduced with respect to the default value 1 mm: for e+,e- is 0.1 mm, for muons, pions, proton is 0.05 mm, for alpha and He3 0.01 mm, for ions 0.001 mm;
    • G4KleinNishinaModel is used for the Compton scattering simulation which include Doppler broading and allowing to simulate atomic deexcitation: fluorescence and Auger electron production. Atomic deexcitation may be enabled via UI commands - see extended electromagnetic examples;
    • G4IonParametrisedLossModel is used for ion ionisation, this model is based on ICRU73 ion stopping data;
    • G4RayleighScattering process is used with the default Livermore Rayleigh scattering model;
    • Fluorescence is enabled by default.
    • G4NuclearStopping process is used for alpha, He3, ions.
  • emstandard_opt4 new physics constructor was designed for any applications required higher accuracy of electrons, hadrons and ion tracking. Use the most accurate standard and low-energy models. It is used in extended electromagnetic examples and in the QGSP_BIC_EMZ reference Physics List. The corresponding physics constructor includes following modifications:
    • G4UrbanMscModel96 for multiple scattering of e+ and e- below 100 MeV, for hadrons and ions at all energies;
    • the option "fUseDistanceToBoundary" for multiple scattering of electrons and positrons;
    • increased number of bins in physics tables - 220 (84 bins by default);
    • the parameter dRoverRange used in computation of step limit by the ionisation process is reduced with respect to the default value 0.2: 0.1 for alpha, He3, ions;
    • the parameter finalRange used in computation of step limit by the ionisation process is reduced with respect to the default value 1 mm: for e+,e- is 0.1 mm, for muons, pions, proton is 0.05 mm, for alpha and He3 0.01 mm, for ions 0.001 mm;
    • G4KleinNishinaModel is used above 2 MeV, G4LivermoreComptonModel is used below for the Compton scattering simulation. Both models provide simulation of Doppler broading and atomic deexcitation.
    • G4PenelopeGammaConversion model is used for gamma conversion below 1 GeV;
    • G4RayleighScattering process is used with the default Livermore Rayleigh scattering model;
    • Fluorescence is enabled by default.
    • G4IonParametrisedLossModel is used for ion ionisation, this model is based on ICRU73 ion stopping data;
    • G4NuclearStopping process is used for alpha, He3, ions.

Livermore

Livermore with polarisation

Penelope

Low-energy

DNA physics

Physics Lists of Geant4 examples